Oil spillage is one of the most
alarming issues that can occur in the natural environment. Oil spills are usually
as a result of human negligence while undertaking their activities (Kukreja
2016). Spills can happen on land as well as in water bodies. Sources of oil
spills that affect water bodies can vary from oil rigs to oil tankers. In the
event of a spill fishes are one of many animal species that is adversely
affected. The extent to which they are affected is based on the type of oil and
the timing of its release (NOAA 2016). This suggests that some oil spills may
be more harmful than others. To clarify by example lighter oils such as diesel
due to its toxicity can almost instantly kill fishes on contact but due to its
volatility it does not stay in the water very long (NOAA 2016). The heavier oil
tend to be less toxic but can remain in the water for extended periods of time
however it is known to smother organisms in its short stint. Apart from fishes
in open waters those that are reared in controlled environments such as in
aquaculture also experience the effects of oil pollution. Some actual effects
on fish by oil exposure are change in heart as well as respiration rate,
consumption of oiled prey, an enlarged liver and being unable to reproduce
offspring. Also their eggs and larvae have a less chance of survival after
exposure.
To reduce the effect of oil spills its early detection is critical to avoid any worsening of the situation. Methods
that assist detection include monitoring systems that work partially as well as
those that support constant surveillance at oils sources. Satellite and
airborne imagery are used to give an aerial picture of the cover of an oil
spill, however at night this system is not so effective. For this reason it
must be used with other methods such as radar and thermal imaging that give 24
hour surveillance.
Overall both oil and fish are
resources used by man. Oil is responsible for the lifestyle we live today,
fuels, roads and cosmetic are all products that are derived from oil. A wider
outlook would be to mention that it a significant part of the economy. Fishes
are also important as they support livelihoods, contribute to biodiversity and
act as a food source. However the fact is that oil is more useful in the world
today than fish. This does not suggest that fish lives do not matter but it
would be impractical to stop using oil altogether to prevent fish death. Fish
is not the only source of food and means of employment. Therefore it can be
argued that cost of fishes lost in a spill does not outweigh the opportunities
oil present. It would be more practical to try and limit the chances of oil
spills by using detection methods mentioned earlier and also have contingency
plans in place for oil spill cleanups.
References
http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/effects-of-oil-spills.php
http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/oil-and-chemical-spills/oil-spills/how-oil-spills-affect-fish-and-whales.html
